0 The Network Of The Computer

What the network of the computer?

The network of the Computer could be interpreted as an association of the interconnection of several autonomous computers. Two computers it was said formed some network when both of them could change mutual information. The restriction on the autonomous term here was to distinguish with the master's system/slave. When a computer could make the other computer active or not active and controlled him, then this computer computer was not autonomous. A system with the manager's unit (control the unit) and several other computers that was slave not a network; the big computer with re-beads printer and the terminal also not a network.

The benefit of the Network of the Computer
Generally, the network had several benefits that more compared with the independent computer and the business world again admitted that access to modern information technology always had the competitive superiority compared with the competitor who was limited in the technological field.
The network enabled the management of resources to be more efficient. For example, many users could share with each other printer single with the high quality, was compared used printer the low quality in respectively the working table. Moreover, the licence of network software could be cheaper compared with the licence stand-alone was separated for the number of same users.
The network helped maintained information so that continue to andal and up-to-date. The storage system of the data was focussed that was managed well enabled many users mengaskses the data from various different locations, and restricted access to the data when being processed.
The network helped sped up the process of sharing the data (the data sharing).
The transfer of the data in the network was always faster compared with means of sharing the other data that not the network.
The network enabled the working group to communicate with more efficient. The letter and delivery the message of electronics.

There were three types of the general network that was used in part:
* the Network WorkGroup,
* the Lan Network,
* the Wan Network

The Workgroup network
This network consisted of several computer units that were connected by using Network Interface Card or that normally is mentioned with Local Area Network Card, as well as by using the BNC cable and UTP. Semua the computer unit that terhubung could access the data from the other computer unit but also could do print document in printer that terhubung with the other computer unit. The Workgroup Network profit. The exchange file could be carried out easily (File Sharing). The use printer could be carried out by all the computer units (Printer Sharing). Data access from/to the other computer unit could in restricted with the level of the security in password that was given. Communication could be between the employee carried out by using the E-mail & Chat. When one of the computer units terhubung with the modem, then all or some computer units in this network could access to the network of the Internet or sent fax through 1 modem.

The LAN network
LAN (Local Area Network) was a computer collection, where being gotten by several computer units (client) and 1 computer unit for the data bank (server). Antara was their respective client and between client and server could change each other file and used each other printer that terhubung in computer units that terhubung in the network of LAN. Berdasarkan the cable that was used ,ada two LAN network instructions, that is and the BNC cable and the UTP cable.

The LAN network profit:
The exchange file could be carried out easily (File Sharing). The use printer could be carried out by all client (Printer Sharing). File-file the data could be kept in server, so as the data could be accessed from all client according to the security's authorisation from all the employees, who could be made be based on the structure of the organisation of the company so as the security of the data was guaranteed. File the data that went out/entered from/to server could in the control. The process backed up the data to more was easy and fast. The risk of losing the data by the computer virus became very very small. Communication could be between the employee carried out by using the E-mail & Chat. When some client/server terhubung with the modem, then all or some computers in the LAN network could access to the network of the Internet or sent fax through 1 modem.

The WAN network
WAN (Wide Area Network) was the collection from LAN and/or Workgroup that was connected by using the modem communications equipment and the network of the Internet, from/to the head office and the branch office, and between the branch office. With this network system, the exchange of the data could be between the office carried out quickly as well as at a cost of that was relatively cheap. This network system could use the network of the available Internet, to connect between the head office and the branch office or and PC Stand Alone/Notebook that was in other the city or the country.

The WAN network profit:
Server the head office could function as the data bank from the branch office. Communication could between the office use the E-mail & Chat. The document/File that usually is sent through fax or the package of the post, could be sent through the E-mail and the Transfer file from/to the head office and the branch office at a cost of that was relatively cheap and in a period of that was very fast. Pooling Data and Updating Data could be between the office done every day when that was determined.

0 Network Hardware

Hardware that was needed in some network really depended in konfigursi that was used to compile network, the kind of the data of the transmission media, as well as big the small size of the range network.

Generally some network needed hardware as follows:
• Server
• Workstation
• NIC (Network Interface Card)
• Hub/Konsentrator
• Brigde
• Switch
• Repeater
• Router
• Sistem kabel

SERVER
Server was the computer have a speed high with the memory capacity (RAM) and big savings, and was connected with antarmuka the fast network (fast network interface). The system of the network operation worked to this computer, with application software and file the data that was needed.

Workstation

All the computers that terhubung to server in the network was mentioned with workstation. Workstation was the standard computer of the computer that dikonfigurasi menggunkan the card antarmuka the network, network software and cables that were needed. Workstation not always membutuhknan floppy the disk or harddisk because file could be kept in server.

NIC (Network Interface Card)
NIC was pealatan that enabled the occurrence of relations between network and the computer workstation or network with the computer server. Most of NIC were internal equipment that was installed in slot the expansion in the good computer slot Isa's expansion or slot the expansion of PCI. Bahkan to several mainboard the computer, NIC put on in an onboard manner meaning that joining with mainboard.

Hub/Konsentrator
Hub was the element was most important in LAN. Hub was the centre of the connection all node in the network as well as all the networks was connected one with that was other went through Hub. Hub acted as the manager's point for the activity of the system, the management as well as the development of the network.

Bridge
Bridge was the implement that enabled to divide a network that was big into two smaller networks, so as to become the more efficient network.

Switch
Switch was the implement that was used to connect several of LAN that was separated as well as provided the package filter between LAN. Switch LAN was equipment multiport, each one could support one workstation or all ethernet.

Repeater
When a sign passed by along the cable, this sign tended experienced the decline in the strength or the power. Repeater was the implement that could strengthen (boost) the sign of the network that crossed him.
Router
Router was used to change information from some network to network that was other. Router resembled smart bridge (superitellegent bridge).

The Cable System
The cable could be as the most protected transmission media categorised in two main groups that is:
a. The electric escort (electrical conductor)
b. Optic Fibre (fibre optic)
Respectively the category had many variasi. The cable that was grouped in the category of the electric escort that is TP (twisted-scanned) and coaxial (coaxial).
Along with this was given several illustrations of the cable :
1.The Koaksial cable
2.The STP cable
3.The TP cable
4.The UTP cable
5.The connector RJ45
6.The BNC connector
7.The Spare cable Optics

HARDWARE
That is all supportive equipment the computerisation system that worked together. Generally Hardware consist of:
a. Input Device
That is the implement that was used to receive put the data and the program that will be processed in the computer. The example: Keyboard, Mouse, Light Pen, Touch Screen (the Screen touched), Scanner, OCR Tag Reader (Often was used in self-service), Digital Camera, Disk.
b. Process Device
That is the implement that was used to process the data that was put into the computer. The example: CPU (Central Processing Unit) CPU (Central Processing Unit) was the main part of a component that was responsible for on the guidance of all the activity of computer parts, also having a function of carrying out the process of the calculation and logic.

There were 3 main CPU parts that is:
1. Control the Unit (CU) the Task from CU (Control the Unit) was:
§ Arrange and mengendalaikan the equipment input and output
§ Take intruksi-instruction from playing Memory
§ sent the instruction to Arithmatic and Logic Unit
§ kept results of the process to played Memory

2. Arithmatic And Logic Unit (ALU)
the main Task did Arithmatic And Logic Unit (the PESTLE) was to carry out the calculation operation of mathematics and logic that happened appropriate intruksi the program.

3. Play Memory/Internal Storage/Temporary Storage
The function: to keep the data and the instruction that were needed in the process of the processing by the computer.

Memory or Internal Storage was distinguished to 2 kinds, that is:
a. ROM ( Read Only Memory )
§ Memori that only could dibaca
§ Data was permanent, meaning that the data and the program could not be removed, increased or reduced as well as continued to be although the computer was killed.
§ Penulisan of the data to CREAM was done by the manufacturer's factory of the computer.

b. RAM ( Random Access Memory )
§ Memori that could be read and ditulisi § Data his characteristics were not permanent, meaning that if electricity was out the data will vanish, except when the data has been kept in External Storage (the disk) § Penulisan of the data was to RAM done through keyboard.

c. Output Device ( Peralatan Keluaran )
That is equipment that was used to dismiss results of the processing by the computer.

Results of the processing by the computer could be distinguished in 4 form sorts, that is:
1. The article that consisted of the letter, the figure, the special character, and other symbols.
2. The image, in a form of the graph or gambar
3. The voice, dlam the form of music or omongan
4. The form that could be read by the machine and was understood by the computer

The implement output was distinguished by above 3 kinds, that is:
1. Hard Copy Device, the implement that was used to print the article (the letter, the figure, the special character and other symbols) as well as the image to the hard media.
The example: Printer

2. Soft Copy Device, the implement that was used to put forward or produce the article (the letter, the figure, the special character and other symbols), the voice as well as the image to the soft media take the form of signal electronics.
The example: the Monitor, speaker

3. Drive device or driver, the implement that was used to record the symbol in betuk that only could be read by the machine to the disk media or fermented magnetic.
The example: the Disk drive, fermented drive